As a result of participating in the Electrophysiology Pathway sessions, learners will have an improved or reinforced ability to:

1. Apply recent evidence and current guideline recommendations to the management of all types of cardiac arrhythmias
2. Integrate and evaluate emerging evidence and procedural options for prevention, detection, risk assessment, rhythm and rate management, and stroke prevention into the care of patients with atrial fibrillation
3. Identify different patient populations that may benefit from contemporary device-based therapies including physiological pacing
4. Compare and contrast management and treatment of arrhythmias, including outcomes and risk of adverse events due to medications used to treat arrhythmias
5. Recognize and interpret common ECG patterns and integrate this knowledge into clinical decision-making by the practitioner for a cardiovascular disease patient
6. Provide up-to-date management of arrhythmias in special populations, including in athletes, older adults, cancer patients, and those with heart failure
7. Debate topical and global health trends and advancing technology in the treatment of atrial fibrillation
8. Evaluate emerging therapies for arrhythmia care and research in the context of wearable technology

As a result of participating in the Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies Pathway sessions, learners will have an improved or reinforced ability to:

1. Provide current best care for heart failure patients using evidence-based therapies and consensus guidelines for diagnosis, evaluation, and management across the entire spectrum of patients with heart failure and cardiomyopathy
2. Offer practical guidance on diet, exercise, and heart failure management that is appropriately tailored to diverse patient populations across various stages and types of heart failure
3. Recognize the interaction between various comorbidities, including diabetes, obesity, frailty, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure, and best practices in the multidisciplinary approach
4. Expand knowledge about the management of patients with specific etiologies of cardiomyopathy such as hypertrophic, peripartum, infiltrative and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies
5. Analyze the evidence on current and newer pharmacotherapies, monitoring and therapeutic devices, towards prioritization and best practices in heart failure management
6. Develop greater insight into the current state of knowledge in cardio-oncology, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac amyloidosis
7. Expand or update their knowledge of advanced heart failure treatment options (including cardiac transplant and left ventricular assist device), which patients should be referred to specialized centers, and advanced care planning

As a result of participating in the Interventional and Structural Pathway sessions, learners will have an improved or reinforced ability to:

1. Evaluate the evidence from interventional and structural clinical trials describing strategies and outcomes and incorporating the evidence into clinical practice
2. Understand the risks/benefits of interventional and structural procedures in a pregnant patient and how best to mitigate the associated risk
3. Determine an appropriate antithrombotic regimen for patients undergoing structural procedures
4. Determine appropriate antithrombotic regimens for diverse patients with acute coronary syndrome or those undergoing a revascularization procedure
5. Determine an appropriate antithrombotic regimen for patients at high risk for bleeding undergoing a revascularization procedure
6. Determine an appropriate antithrombotic regimen for patients with atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndromes undergoing revascularization procedures
7. Understand critical decisions making techniques for revascularization of patients who are high-risk or have complex coronary artery disease
8. Appropriately incorporate state-of-the-art complex coronary techniques and technologies into patient care
9. Describe the fundamentals of chronic total occlusion procedures
10. Describe strategies for preventing and managing interventional complications
11. Incorporate innovative strategies, technologies, and techniques to optimize coronary interventions
12. Interpret and integrate findings from intravascular imaging and hemodynamic lesion assessment into clinical and technical decision-making approach to complex coronary interventions
13. Interpret and integrate findings from invasive hemodynamic lesion assessment into clinical decision-making for acute coronary syndrome
14. Incorporate innovative strategies, technologies, and techniques to guide cardiac catheterization lab-based management of patients with angina
15. Interpret and integrate invasive coronary and ventricular physiology into clinical decision-making for aortic stenosis
16. Describe appropriate management strategies in patients with cardiogenic shock
17. Describe the gaps and disparities in care of patients presenting with cardiogenic shock
18. Describe management of patients with cardiogenic shock after they have a mechanical hemodynamic support device implanted
19. Describe appropriate case selection for mechanical hemodynamic support in cardiogenic shock
20. Describe how to effectively create a comprehensive heart team approach in the management of complex cardiac patients
21. Appropriately incorporate state-of-the-art endovascular technologies and techniques into patient care
22. Describe how to build an effective endovascular practice
23. Discuss how to improve outcomes in patients with critical limb ischemia
24. Describe optimal management strategies in patients with pulmonary embolism
25. Appropriately incorporate state-of-the-art technologies and techniques in patients undergoing non-valvular structural heart interventions
26. Discuss the current controversies in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
27. Appropriately incorporate state-of-the-art technologies and techniques for patients undergoing transcatheter mitral and tricuspid valve therapies
28. Demonstrate cases using innovative technologies in the cardiac catheterization lab
29. Understand the expanding indications for catheter based mitral valve therapies and appropriately incorporate new and state-of-the-art techniques and technologies during transcatheter mitral valve repair
30. Understand the expanding indications for catheter-based valve interventions for all but the aortic valve and appropriately incorporate new and state-of-the-art techniques and technologies during non-aortic valve interventions

As a result of participating in the Ischemic Heart Disease Pathway sessions, learners will have an improved or reinforced ability to:

1. Provide comprehensive contemporary care to patients presenting with acute chest pain and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
2. Apply appropriate cardiovascular testing and risk assessment tools to patients in need of preoperative cardiovascular evaluation prior to non-cardiac surgery; guide peri-operative management for patients at the time of non-cardiac surgery
3. Identify disparities in cardiovascular care that stem from lifestyle and pharmaceutical barriers and discuss potential solutions in the management of stable ischemic heart disease
4. Define the burden of ischemic heart disease around the world and identify ways that new developments in the evaluation and treatment of this condition are being disseminated and implemented globally.
5. Apply new data and expert opinion in the use of anti-platelet therapy in the treatment of patients with acute and stable coronary artery disease.
6. Describe new and original research in the field of ischemic heart disease from the past year as represented by the top presented abstracts at ACC.23.
7. Analyze the data and explain the different revascularization strategies for managing complex coronary artery disease.
8. Deliver comprehensive, evidence-based care in the evaluation and management of chronic, stable chest pain.
9. Define and identify social determinants of health and the impact of bias that affect patients with ischemic heart disease and list ways to mitigate the impact.
10. Describe advances in the field of cardiac imaging and recognize how they guide the evaluation and management of chest pain.
11. Identify emerging risk factors and new strategies and therapeutics in the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
12. Identify recent breakthroughs in the cardiovascular care of women across their lifespan.
13. Recognize the importance of the heart-team approach and shared decision-making in the delivery of cardiovascular care.
14. Describe the evaluation of cardiometabolic risk and create a treatment plan to address.
15. Identify existing and emerging treatment options for patients with refractory angina.
16. Discuss the different cardiovascular manifestation of long-haul COVID and describe potential prevention and treatment strategies.
17. Identify the controversies in maintaining and managing cardiovascular health in the elderly.
18. Define and explain the emerging role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the delivery of cardiovascular care, the performance of clinical research, and how it may reduce health disparities.
19. Recognize the different types of cardiogenic shock and describe how to evaluate and treat.
20. Describe controversies in the treatment of cardiogenic shock and identify ongoing clinical trials that will help define treatment and guidelines into the future.
21. Diagnose and manage myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) and ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA)
22. Recognize how lifestyle such as sleep habits and diet impact can affect cardiovascular risk.

As a result of participating in the Multimodality Imaging Pathway sessions, learners will have an improved or reinforced ability to:

1. Apply current guidelines and appropriate use criteria in imaging myocardial, coronary, pericardial, hemodynamic, and valvular disorders
2. Identify both current and emerging role of imaging in viability testing
3. Evaluate original research data regarding recent innovations and established techniques in cardiac imaging
4. Understand current and future roles of artificial intelligence in cardiac imaging
5. Recognize the utility of cardiac POCUS in the management of patients
6. Understand the roles of cardiac imaging in cardio-oncology, athletes, amyloidosis, pregnancy, and women with chest pain
7. Identify important considerations in cardiac imaging in low- and middle-income countries
8. Understand the role of cardiac imaging for before, during and after structural heart interventions

As a result of participating in the Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Pathway sessions, learners will have an improved or reinforced ability to:

1. Identify strategies to effectively evaluate and manage congenital heart disease throughout the lifespan from childhood to adult life
2. Recognize obstacles and challenges to careers in pediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery
3. Explain challenges and complications in the management of patients with transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement.
4. Incorporate the experiences of teams who care for children across the globe into our practices
5. Describe mechanisms of right ventricular failure, recovery, and optimization.
6. Describe critical decision elements in two-ventricle versus single ventricle palliation.
7. Explain the role and indications for transcatheter sinus venosus ASD repair.
8. Describe new innovations in the treatment of children and adults with congenital heart disease
9. Recognize the challenges of treatment of complex arrhythmia problems in pediatric and congenital cardiology
10. Describe elements in multimodality cardiovascular imaging and knowledge base required to support decision-making in congenital heart disease

As a result of participating in the Prevention and Health Promotion Pathway sessions, learners will have an improved or reinforced ability to:

1. Comprehend the real side effects of statins, navigate the misinformation about statin therapy, and come up with real world solutions on how to manage side effects.
2. Review the latest evidence around new lipid lowering options for the management of patients with statin intolerance.
3. Recognize areas of less certainty in lipid lowering management, such as the role of statin therapy for primary prevention in adults aged >75, fibrates for treatment of dyslipidemias, HDL cholesterol in current clinical algorithms, and lipid management during pregnancy.
4. Learn about existing and emerging approaches to lowering lipoprotein (a), including medications and apheresis, as well as the significance of racial and ethnic differences in lipoprotein (a) levels.
5. Review new data on the efficacy of approved and investigational PCSK9 inhibitors on lipoproteins, vascular imaging, and clinical outcomes, as well as non-canonical actions of PCSK9 in extrahepatic tissues.
6. Recognize the adverse cardiovascular effects of smoking and apply pragmatic approaches to implementing smoking cessation counseling and treatment in a cardiology practice.
7. Appreciate the underutilization of guideline-recommended cardiovascular prevention therapies and discuss strategies to close the gap between evidence and practice across a variety of populations and disease states.
8. Review the best clinical practice approach to cardiovascular risk management of older adults who partake in intense exercise and recreational sports (the "Master athlete").
9. Understand the factors that both favor and dissuade routine ECG screening among young competitive athletes.
10. Apply practical tips to both connecting patients to cardiac rehab and developing programs at one's own institution.
11. Appreciate the unique female-specific risk factors for cardiovascular disease across a woman's lifespan related to hormones, pregnancy and menopause and the importance of taking a comprehensive reproductive history as part of cardiovascular risk assessment.
12. Understand the high cardiovascular risk associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and review current and emerging therapies for the reduction of CKD progression and for CVD prevention.
13. Integrate best practices to effectively counsel patients on following a heart-healthy diet.
14. Learn about challenges and opportunities for delivering CVD prevention around the world.
15. Appreciate the unique challenges in the diagnosis and management of hypertension in special populations such as older adults, women, and patients with chronic kidney disease.
16. Learn about the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of hypertension in pregnancy, and strategies for cardiovascular risk reduction for women with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy.
17. Review accepted and novel methods to close gaps in hypertension management, with a focus on the use of technology to improve medication adherence and developing technologies for blood pressure assessment and risk prediction.
18. Apply and learn the current evidence-based approach to managing obesity when lifestyle changes are not enough, including bariatric surgery and new pharmacologic approaches.
19. Appreciate the interplay between diabetes and cardiovascular risk and how to tailor management strategies based on available evidence.

As a result of participating in the Pulmonary Vascular Disease Pathway sessions, learners will have an improved or reinforced ability to:

1. Understand how to perform a thorough work-up for the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension.
2. Recognize high-risk situations (pregnancy and prostacyclin infusion interruption) and gain insights from experts' management of these difficult situations.
3. Understand state-of-the-art and emerging technologies for pulmonary hypertension evaluation and treatment response.
4. Discover the emerging treatment options and their benefits for critically ill pulmonary hypertension patients.
5. Gain an appreciation for the science underlying novel treatment options for pulmonary hypertension.
6. Develop an understanding for the global burden of pulmonary hypertension, what treatments are being implemented in other countries, and what that means for our patients worldwide.

As a result of participating in Valvular Heart Disease Pathway sessions, learners will have an improved or reinforced ability to:

1. Apply current guidelines and recommend best practices for valvular care in clinical practice
2. Recognize challenges in hemodynamic assessment of valvular disease and characterize strengths and limitations of various assessment modalities
3. Navigate management decisions involved in contemporary endocarditis care, with emphasis on an interdisciplinary approach
4. Take a patient-centered approach to the lifelong management of aortic valve disease
5. Recognize prognostic considerations and evaluate treatment options for concomitant mitral and tricuspid valve disease
6. Apply new quantification standards and consider novel therapies for functional tricuspid regurgitation
7. Manage anticoagulation in patients with valvular heart disease
8. Navigate ethical dilemmas in management of elderly and highly medically complex patients with valvular disease
9. Recognize sex-related differences in the epidemiology and natural history of valvular disease
10. Characterize the global burden of valvular disease and international trends in management

As a result of participating in the Vascular Medicine Pathway sessions, learners will have an improved or reinforced ability to:

1. Describe the contemporary medical and surgical management of acute and chronic aortic disease
2. Assess the global burden and contemporary management of Critical Limb Ischemia with a focus on the latest evidence
3. Discuss the status of renal denervation as a treatment for hypertension
4. Discuss the latest translational research that may lead to novel therapeutics for vascular disease
5. Describe the contemporary management of acute and chronic symptomatic pulmonary embolism
6. Describe the complexities in optimizing medical management of peripheral artery disease
7. Recognize the common presentations and evaluation strategies for non-atherosclerotic vascular diseases